Grunneiendom
A grunneiendom (land property) is a defined part of the earth's surface with its own boundaries, registered as a separate unit in the matrikkel with its own gårdsnummer and bruksnummer. It is the most common form of real property in Norway, and the one most people think of when they hear the word "property": a tomt (plot) with or without buildings, bounded by property boundaries on the ground.
The grunneiendom is one of several types of matrikkelenhet. The others are anleggseiendom (a property in a defined volume above or below ground, for example a parking basement under another property), eierseksjon (a sectioned part of a developed property, typically a flat with an exclusive right of use), festegrunn (a leased-out part of a grunneiendom) and jordsameie (jointly owned land). What they all have in common is that they are independent units in the matrikkel and can be bought, sold, mortgaged and registered in the land register separately. As a general rule, a grunneiendom extends as far as the owner's interest reaches, both upwards and downwards, but it is limited by legislation, neighbour law rules and public rights.
The boundaries of a grunneiendom are registered in the matrikkel and shown in Kartverket's property map. The accuracy varies: for newer properties the boundaries have been surveyed with good precision, while older properties may have boundaries that are only described in old documents or estimated on the map. If there is doubt, or if precise boundaries are needed, an oppmålingsforretning (cadastral survey) can be required. It fixes and marks the boundaries and enters them in the matrikkel. If a grunneiendom is to be divided, a new grunneiendom is created through fradeling (subdivision), which is also a cadastral survey.
A grunneiendom is identified by a matrikkelnummer in the form kommune number-gårdsnummer/bruksnummer, possibly with a festenummer and seksjonsnummer in addition. This number is the unique key that ties together information about the property across registers: the Grunnboken for ownership and encumbrances, the matrikkel for boundaries and buildings, and municipal registers for the reguleringsplan (zoning plan) and building cases. A single grunneiendom can consist of several separate teiger, that is, several physically separate areas that legally belong to the same property.
A common source of misunderstanding is that the buildings on a property are not the same as the grunneiendom itself. A building is registered in the matrikkel linked to the property, but ownership follows the land, not the walls. If a building stands partly across a neighbouring boundary, or if several buildings share the same tomt, the relationship between building and property can become complex. If different parts of a developed property are to be owned separately, the property must either be divided into new grunneiendommer or sectioned into eierseksjoner.
In Placepoint, the grunneiendom is the basic unit you look up: area and boundaries from the matrikkel, buildings standing on it, ownership and encumbrances from the Grunnboken, and which reguleringsplan applies. If you search for an address or a matrikkelnummer, a grunneiendom is usually what you land on.
How the dataset appears on the map
The dataset is part of the map layer Property as Cadastre – Property Map:
From Placepoint's dictionary: Grunneiendom
More information: Matrikkellova, Kartverket: om matrikkelen, Store norske leksikon: grunneiendom
English: Land property / cadastral parcel (grunneiendom; the most common type of real property unit in the Norwegian cadastre).
Frequently asked questions
What is a grunneiendom?
A grunneiendom is a defined piece of land registered as a separate unit in the matrikkel with its own gårdsnummer and bruksnummer. It is the most common type of real property in Norway.
What is the difference between grunneiendom, anleggseiendom and eierseksjon?
All are types of matrikkelenhet. A grunneiendom is defined on the ground. An anleggseiendom is defined as a volume (for example below ground). An eierseksjon is a sectioned part of a developed property, typically a flat.
How are the boundaries determined?
The boundaries are registered in the matrikkel and shown in Kartverket's property map. For older properties they can be inaccurate. Precise boundaries are established through an oppmålingsforretning.
What is a matrikkelnummer?
It is the unique identifier for the property, in the form kommune number-gårdsnummer/bruksnummer. The number ties together information in the matrikkel, the Grunnboken and municipal registers.
Can a grunneiendom consist of several teiger?
Yes. A single grunneiendom can consist of several physically separate areas (teiger) that legally belong to the same property and the same matrikkelnummer.